Troy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Troy - Essay Example In fact, at the very beginning of The Iliad, Achilles is upset (to say the least) with Agamemnon, and asks his mother, Thetis, to intervene by convincing Zeus to favor Achilles. Thetis does this, and it offends the goddess Hera. So goes the course of actions in The Iliad. At different times throughout The Iliad, the action scenes are actually gods and goddesses fighting amongst, and betraying, one another. This is very different from Troy, in which all of the action revolves around the main characters fighting Homer’s The Iliad is just his precursor for The Odyssey, so one of the other obvious differences is that The Iliad ends with the funeral of Hector. Troy ends with the burning of the city, citizens fleeing for their lives, and the death of Achilles. Again, the importance of these details depends on what watchers of Troy already know. Students and scholars might be a little more inclined to deem the movie version unrealistic; however, those without prior knowledge or passion for the material may not care that Troy seems to be one long saga, rather than two separate pieces of epic poetry. David Benioff is the screenwriter who adapted Homer’s visions. Not speaking technically, he did a good job. Troy director Wolfgang Peterson did, of course, stray some from Homer’s vision, but overall the movie seemed to be an attempt to please even the layperson. Benioff’s translations are uncomplicated. The language of more modern versions of The Iliad is easy, which is what Benioff was after. Older, less translated versions of The Iliad are much more complicated. More often than not, novice readers would be more comfortable with the format Benioff uses. Even with the screenwriting and director’s license, the movie basically conveys Homer’s theme. The Iliad is a love story. So is Troy. The Iliad is action-packed. So is Troy. The mood of Troy is somewhat different than The

Adjusting to Terrorism Essay Example for Free

Adjusting to Terrorism Essay Due to significant changes within the criminal justice system in the United States of America, the effort to combat terrorism has grown to be more effective. The terrorist attack that occurred during September 11, 2001, this terrorist attack happen to take place on American soil and become and monumental period in American history. Prior to September 11, 2001, the United States was more in a relax mode when regarding to a federal, state, and local problems. The resources were not leveraged in certain cities and the capacity tended to focus on terrorism. The changes that required significant analysis on the attacks reflected how the country and local agencies around the country have adjusted to the threat of terrorism. A major component in the criminal justice system has contributed to the adjustment of the attack for the Department of Homeland Security. See more:Â  The 3 Types of Satire Essay I would consider using the Patriot Act which is defined as a response to terrorist attacks to September 11th, significantly reduced restrictions in a law enforcement agency. The intelligence of gathering information is for the United States of America. The combat efforts that I have gathered to aid my situation and provision of the Patriot Act are to prevent another catastrophic attack on United States soil. I have already proved extraordinarily beneficial for the war on terrorism that we have to the opportunity to use and tackle it head on. By resulting in a free flow of information that can be retrieve and coordinated between different law enforcement agencies can help produce the intelligence information that is need to show the expansion of our ability to use all appropriate resources to prevent terrorism. My next step is trying and improves the technology in the US. Many experts tend to think that it is unnecessary for us to focus on vehicle crossing the borders. Majority of the vehicles crossing the border could be the most dangerous, because they will be transporting massive equipment to cause disruptions in the United States. The process to stay alert and aware of the different types of technology will be critical for us to stay afloat. Reference FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.fbi.gov

rap Essays -- essays research papers

Rap Music The following is an excerpt from Black Noise, a book written by Tricia Rose, that describes the importance and background of rap music in society. "Rap music brings together a tangle of some of the most complex social, cultural, and political issues in contemporary American society. Rap's contradictory articulations are not signs of absent intellectual clarity; they are a common feature of community and popular cultural dialogues that always offer more than one cultural, social, or political viewpoint. These unusually abundant polyvocal conversations seem irrational when they are severed from the social contexts where everyday struggles over resources, pleasures, and meanings take place. "Rap music is a black cultural expression that prioritizes black voices from the margins of urban America. Rap music is a form of rhymed storytelling accompanied by highly rhythmic, electronically based music. It began in the mid-1970s in the South Bronx in New York City as a part of hip hop, and African-American and Afro-Caribbean youth culture composed of graffiti, breakdancing, and rap music. From the outset, rap music has articulated the pleasures and problems of black urban life in contemporary America. Rappers speak with the voice of personal experience, taking on the identity of the observer or narrator. Male rappers often speak from the perspective of a young man who wants social status in a locally meaningful way. They rap about how to avoid gang pressures and still earn local respect, how to deal with the loss of several friends to gun fights and drug overdoses, and they tell grandiose and sometimes violent tales that are powered by male sexual power over women. Female rappers sometimes tell stories from the perspective of a young woman who is skeptical of male protestations of love or a girl who has been involved with a drug dealer and cannot sever herself from his dangerous life-style. Some raps speak to failure of black men to provide security and attack men where their manhood seems most vulnerable: the pocket. Some tales are one sister telling another to rid herself from the abuse of a lover. "Like all contemporary voices, the rapper's voice is imbedded in powerful and dominant technological, industrial, and ideological institutions. Rappers tell long, involved, and sometimes abstract stories with catchy and memorable phrases ... ...e future of black culture in the postindustrial city and American culture in general. Its musical voice is achieved via the constant manipulation of high-tech equipment that will continue to have a profound effect on speech, writing, music, communication, and social relations as we approach the twenty-first century. "As Greg Tate warned, "hip hop might be bought and sold like gold, but the miners of its rich ore still represent a sleeping-giant constituency." Rappers and their young black constituency are the miners, they are the cultivators of communal artifacts, refining and developing the frameworks of alternative identities that draw on Afrodiasporic approaches to sound organization, rhyth, pleasures, style, and community. These cultivation processes are formally wedded to digital reproduction and life in an increasingly information-management-drivem society. Rap is a technologically sophisticated project in African-American recuperation and revision. African-American music and culture, inextricably tied to concrete historical and technological developments, have found yet another way to unnerve and simultaneously revitalize American culture" (183-185).

Air Jordan Marketing

4P: Jordan Air In order to briefly explain how marketing mix is applied, I am going to give you the example of the â€Å"Jordan Air† So you can see an example of marketing mix I will show you a product that you all know â€Å"Jordan Air†. Product: The product that I will present you is the â€Å"Air Jordan† by Nike. Air Jordan  is a  brand  of shoes and athletic apparel designed, owned, and produced by Nike  and  Michael Jordan  for Nike's  Jordan Brand  subsidiary but I will focus on the market of trainers. These are high quality trainers, and they are considered as high range of trainers. * The Jordan Nike shoes are unique in that the swoosh logo of the firm do not appear on the Jordan brand products, only the Jumpman appears. Price: * The Jordan shoes are very expensive and there are almost never promoted even when there is a new range. Why? Because it is possible to buy all Air Jordan! The Jordan 1 in 1987 is still marketed. The style of Air J ordan is doesn’t date. * The price for Jordan Shoes are around 180 euros Place:These pairs of trainers marketed in shops specialized athletic shoes. * We found Jordan shoes in the specialized sport stores like Decathlon, Go Sport, Citadium, JD Sports †¦ But to have a wider choice you have to go to the shops or Nike Air Jordan in Shops. It is also possible to buy them online, * There is also the possibility of buying shoes on the Internet (Nike official web stores or jumpman23 official stores of Jordan Brand). Jordan shoes even have a website independent of Nike. * Jordan’s are unique shoes and this is why we cannot buy in any store.Promotion: * Jordan Brand uses all traditional media to communicate: radio, television, cinema, Internet and press. The first promotion for the Jordan brand is the personality of Michael Jordan. In fact, MJ is the best player in history in basketball. * Jordan Brand communicates through commercials spots with Michael Jordan showing. * E vent with Michael Jordan who promoted the brand as for example the come out of Jordan CP3. Michael Jordan was there to show the pair of Jordan 2012 in the stores.

Is Enough Being Done To Prevent Racism in Football?

Racism; hatred or intolerance of another race or other races is unfortunately a very frequent occurrence around the world. Starting very early on, the belief that someone’s race is superior and has the right to rule others still takes place even to this day. Football, is a sport which should bring countries and races together to compete against each other. But this is not the case, the degree of Racism in football is simply unacceptable. From League 2 in England, to the FIFA World Cup it takes place on the pitch, in the stands and even on the internet.Many various organisations have attempted to prevent Racism in Football, including; Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) & Union of European Football Associations (UEFA). But are they doing enough? The most recent incident was on the 24th July 2013 where AC Milan left back Kevin Constant kicked the ball into the crowd and left the pitch after racist abuse was being chanted from the stands of the Sassuolo suppo rters while he was preparing to take a throw in. Constant's actions emulate those of Boateng’s where a similar scene occurred however the whole team walked off the pitch instead of the one player.While Boateng had plenty of support, it seemed that AC were much less supportive of Constant's decision to exit the pitch. The club said in a statement: â€Å"This was not a decision he should have taken upon himself to make. † After the situation had been reviewed by the FIGC (Italian Football Federation) Sassoulo were fined 30,000 euros for their fans actions, I fully support the decision to punish the club but aren’t others to blame for Constant’s decision to leave the pitch? Is this really going to stop the Racist remarks? The answer is absolutely not.FIGC’s solution did not directly affect the fans and therefore these scenes will undoubtedly keep occurring. Situations like this should be dealt with in the equitable way to abrogate Racism in football a nd not just result in a careless fine. However this isn’t the worst part of the story. Constant was fined with 3,000 euros for is actions. This is an absolutely appalling decision, and could perhaps encourage supporters to carry on with racist remarks towards the players. Kevin Constant had every right to exit the pitch in the manor he did.On the other hand, FIFA -along with its employees and the football community- have showed that they’re currently unquestionably attempting to stop Racism in football and inside civilisation in general. FIFA has begun and presented events such as the FIFA Conference on Racism in Football, UN Anti-Racism Conference, and established its very first Anti-Discrimination Day on 7 July 2002. But this isn’t enough, FIFA have thought of many methods, but haven’t executed enough hands on tasks to cause any great effect. For example, the FIFA Disciplinary code was taken into place a few years ago.The code shows what happens if the FIFA Statues -basic laws for world football- are violated. It applies to everyone involved in the football match being played but is everyone being caught out? Not everyone can be dealt with at one time, especially when multiple people join in Racist chants. Therefore I don’t see the Disciplinary Code as being an effective method to eliminate Racism from Football. UEFA work very closely with FARE (Football Against Racism In Europe) and give them a lot of aid in promotion, finance etc.I personally feel that have a much more effective method of preventing Racism. I feel this way because annually at 40 UEFA club competition matches, players are accompanied onto the field by children wearing Unite Against Racism T-shirts, while team captains wear matching armbands. I support this form of preventing racism because fans respect their club’s players and if they see the players supporting the fight against racism then they might think twice about shouting abuse at a player wit h a different colour of skin. This method is also incredibly cheap and extremely effective.Considering the millions of pounds some of these respected organisations will have, purchasing t-shirts and armbands should not affect them financially in any way. There are multiple Racist incidents in Football and Kevin Constant’s wasn’t the worst. Standard Liege player Onyewu, stated that Anderlecht’s Jelle Van Damme called him a â€Å"dirty ape† under his breath during the first leg of a play off match. Onyewu alerted the white referee but no action was taken and he was ignored. Although this isn’t the worst of what happened on that match day.When Onyewu arrived at the stadium he was punched and shouted at by the opposition fans. These fans were unpunished and allowed to enter the stadium with nothing said. This is just one of many racist incidents in football which haven’t been dealt with correctly, the referee blatantly showed he was simply unint erested in Onyewu’s complaint. I believe that the referee should receive a long match ban and fine for his actions as he should have been one of the first to report the incident. As for the fans who physically attacked Onyewu, they deserved a permanent ban from going to any future matches.I personally feel that FIFA, FIGC, UEFA and all other major Football related organisations should work together to fight racism and not just focus on their own ways of preventing it. Every match should be promoting the act against racism, tickets, programmes and all forms of merchandise should have ‘Say No To Racism printed on them. Furthermore the punishments for violating the FIFA Disciplinary code should be stricter, fans should have a very long –or possibly life- ban from going to matches if caught and players, managers, match officials should be treated in the same manor along with a minimum fine of 40,000 pounds.

Banach-Tarski Paradox Talk Essay Example

Banach Banach-Tarski Paradox Talk Essay Banach-Tarski Paradox Talk Essay Essay Topic: Talk The catch, of course, is that each of these four pieces are so complex that they do not have any measure (i.e., their respective volumes are not well-defined), and that we do not know how to mathematically describe them other than the fact that they exist and exhibit the strange re-assembly property. In fact, it is quite possible that each of those pieces consists of isolated points spread out throughout the entire volume of the original sphere S. Now, accepting this is really pretty tough, but its possible to attempt to make an intuitive rationalization of it. Ill do it by way of an analogy with a physical sphere.  Lets forget for the moment the mathematical sphere S, which has infinite density. Lets consider a real, physical sphere B (for ball), also of radius 1. B is identical to S except that it consists of a finite number of atoms. These atoms are lain out in a crystalline structure. Usually, the crystalline structure of an object is a simple geometric relationship between neighbouring atoms.  Notice that although the geometric relationship between atoms define its crystalline structure, the precise distance between atoms in different molecules may vary. This leads to materials of different densities. Now, we perform the equivalent of a Banach-Tarski decomposition on our physical sphere B: we atomize B into four spherical clouds of atoms, lets call them C1, C2, C3, and C4. (Well ignore the central atom in B, just as in the mathematical version of this decomposition.) Lets assume that each of these clouds are sparse enough that they are gaseous, no longer solid by themselves (to try and imitate the immeasuarability of the four pieces of S ). Furthermore, lets say that the atoms in each of these clouds are laid out in a regular pattern, so that if we rotate C1 by some angle G, and put it together with C2 in the same spherical region, the atoms in both clouds line up into the same crystalline structure as B, except that now the distance between atoms is greater (to account for the missing atoms now in clouds C3 and C4). Similarly, assume we can do the same with C3 and C4: we just translate them away from the original spherical region of B so that they dont interfere with C1 and C2, and reassemble them into another sphere. Now, we have successfully built two (physical!) spheres with the same radius as B, using only material from B itself. Each of the two spheres have the same crystalline structure as B. The only difference between these spheres and B is that they each have only half the density of B.  To bring this analogy back to the mathematical sphere S: we can think of the infinitely complex pieces A1, A4 as the equivalent of atom clouds, which are non-solid (immeasurable). For those that know something of topology, which excludes myself, you can think of the crystalline structure of S as the topological structure of points in R3. These clouds lack this crystalline structure (i.e., they are unmeasurable); but by suitable rearrangement of them, we can form them into two identical spheres, with half the density of the original, so that they do have the same crystalline structure (i.e., the resultant two spheres are well-behaved, measurable sets). These two spheres are identical to S, except for having only half the density of S. However, S is infinitely dense, and so are its pieces A1, A4. This means the two resultant spheres are still infinitely dense. That is to say, they are identical to S. Et voila!There is no paradox here after all. We are merely seeing the logical consequence of mathematical sets like S being infinitely dense. In fact, if you think about it, this is not any stranger than how we managed to duplicate the set of all integers, by splitting it up into two halves, and renaming the members in each half so they each become identical to the original set again. It is only logical that we can continually extract more volume out of an infinitely dense, mathematical sphere S. Epilogue Now, having convinced you that the Banach-Tarski Paradox isnt really that strange after all, Id like to mention that the derivation of this paradox depends on the Axiom of Choice, and although most mathematicians accept the Axiom of Choice, not all agree with it. There has been much debate over the merit of adopting this axiom, as well as research into the consequences of choosing either way: it does simplify a lot of mathematical proofs, but it also introduces strange results like the Banach-Tarski paradox which we just discussed. If youre unfamiliar with the Axiom of Choice, it basically goes like this: if you have a collection of sets C (which may potentially contain an uncountably large number of sets), then there exists a set H, called the choice set, which contains precisely one element from each (non-empty) set in C. H is called the choice set because you are essentially going through each set in C and choosing one element from it. One feature of the Axiom of Choice is that H is simply assumed to exist; there is no algorithm given which might tell you how to construct an example of H. In the case of the Banach-Tarski paradox, each of the infinitely complex pieces of the sphere S is built from these choice sets. Since we do not know of any algorithm to actually construct these sets, we can only indirectly infer some of the properties of the pieces, such as their not having a (Lebesgue-) measure (i.e., they have intractible geometric complexity). Some of the debate surrounding the Axiom of Choice revolves around whether these non-constructible sets are mathematically admissible. The reader is encouraged to make good use to Google for more information about this debate; it is too vast a topic to explore in this article. It suffices to say that most mathematicians adopt the Axiom of Choice, simply because of the usefulness of results that can be derived. One might wonder, then, about what would happen if we didnt assume the Axiom of Choice. We do know that we would likely be unable to derive the Banach-Tarski paradox; however, we also know that paradoxical sets do exist even without the Axiom of Choice. These paradoxical sets exhibit the same weird behaviour of the Banach-Tarski spheres, in that you can decompose these sets into a finite number of parts, and reassemble them into multiple copies of the original.

Conjunctive Adverbs vs. Adverbs

Conjunctive Adverbs vs. Adverbs Conjunctive Adverbs vs. Adverbs Conjunctive Adverbs vs. Adverbs By Mark Nichol A conjunctive adverb is an adverb that has been authorized to perform the function of a conjunction, which simply means that it links one part of a sentence with another. (Standard conjunctions consist of the phrase and clause connectors for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so, acronymized in that order as the mnemonic FANBOYS.) However, they are not pure conjunctions, as the FANBOYS words are, and in this role they cannot follow a simple comma; this error is called is a comma splice. Instead, as the examples below demonstrate, conjunctive adverbs- words such as however, otherwise, thus, meanwhile, and hence, when used to express addition, apposition, concession, contrast, reinforcement, result, summary, or time- signal the beginning of an independent clause and must be preceded by a semicolon and followed by a comma. (Alternatively, conjunctive adverbs may appear parenthetically in the middle of the independent clause or may begin or interrupt a separate sentence.) Each use of a conjunctive adverb below is contrasted with the use of the same word as a simple adverb. Notice that when a word performs the latter function, a semicolon is unnecessary before it (though a comma might be required there to separate two clauses), and no comma must follow it. However Adverbial conjunction: â€Å"Jones was released last Friday after posting $100,000 bail; however, it was unclear who paid for his release.† Adverb: â€Å"For your sake, however much I abhor that actor, I will go see the movie.† Otherwise Adverbial conjunction: â€Å"The settlements are an acknowledgment that our business model is sound; otherwise, we would not have agreed to the terms.† Adverb: â€Å"The memory troubled him through the otherwise pleasant afternoon.† Thus Adverbial conjunction: â€Å"Margins on manufacturing and other businesses have become razor thin; thus, companies must undertake careful analysis of profitability for products and services on a real-time or near real-time basis.† Adverb: â€Å"The enemy struck, and Smith took the bait, thus weakening the left flank of his division.† Meanwhile Adverbial conjunction: â€Å"Some indicated that they would not respond to the question; meanwhile, others gave their thoughts.† Adverb: â€Å"That’s a good idea for the long term, but meanwhile, we have to address the immediate problem.† Hence Adverbial conjunction: â€Å"We were preoccupied by the sound of the breaking glass; hence, it is quite possible that somebody planted the gun without being noticed.† Adverb: â€Å"Not too many years hence, the average reader won’t ever have seen a card catalog.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar 101 category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Greek Words You Should KnowConfusing "Passed" with "Past"5 Keys to Better Sentence Flow

Marketing Project Example

Marketing Project Example Marketing Project Example The marketing project example is the type of creative work aimed to successfully advertise products or services. Â  In the modern world, the trend of preferring local producers of all the possible goods is becoming more popular every year. People tend to believe that a local producer would have the best quality of grocery or other goods just because they are produced in the area around consumers. That is why, the marketing project example is going to describe the campaign designed for the local company. To start the local company, an entrepreneur should do a huge amount of work. An essential step is to conduct a marketing campaign about the product of the future company to find out the market size, possible revenue, and volume of sales. The company, which would be the scope of the research is the new grocery store with one hundred percent natural, GMO and pesticides free products. The first step of each marketing campaign is setting the goal of it. It sounds slightly easy but each purpose of sales or marketing should have different campaigns, which use different tools and methods to operate it. In the case of launching a new local grocery brand, the marketing campaign should answer the questions about intended volume of sales, market size, and expectations about profit. The deadline for this marketing project completion is three months, which is enough to conduct an extensive research and analyze the obtained results. The success of the marketing project and its level of confidence mainly depends on the methods of marketing research, which were to create this project. It means that methodology should be chosen very carefully. In the case of a new grocery store, it was decided to choose an effective mix of methods, which would provide both scientific and ‘field’ data. Firstly, focus-group method would be applied. It would help to get the scientific social information about the intended consumers of this area and to assess the prospects of the new store. The second method would be the observation of the real grocery events during two months. It would provide the marketing specialists with the most relevant information, which is gathered ‘on the field’. The reason of choosing those two methods is because they support each other. One is very credible with small groups, but still is a sociological one, which means that it could have irrelevant data because of the focus-group size. Another method is not so exact, but it provides a general idea about the market and prospects of the new brand. After two months, the research specialists could start working with gathered information to organize it into the proper marketing project summary. The obtained information was gathered by fifty focus groups; each consisted of fifteen people with a different demographic background. Furthermore, the analysis of eleven events from the intended market, for instance, weekend grocery markets or thematic events of this industry have also given some relevant info. The marketing specialists made an excellent job to analyze the obtained data, using the last version of STATISTICS software. The marketing project is credible and relevant, which is shown by the 95 percent confidence of the obtained data. References Hall, R. (2009). Brilliant marketing. Harlow, England: Pearson Prentice Hall. Kerin, R., Hartley, S., Rudelius, W. (2009). Marketing. Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Peck, D. (2011). Think before you engage. Indianapolis, IN: John Wiley Sons. Treadaway, C. Smith, M. (2010). Facebook marketing. Indianapolis: Wiley Pub.

Any topic concerning government (economy, u.s census, presidential Research Paper

Any topic concerning government (economy, u.s census, presidential election, congress bill) - Research Paper Example The relevant data for the research design will be taken from the United States Statistical Abstracts -- specifically details regarding incidents of crime and safety concerns in American public schools. By presenting the outlines of a statistical design relevant to this data, including an initial tabular presentation of the descriptive statistics regarding the data, it is expected that this brief paper will illustrate both an understanding of basic statistical processes and a possible experimental approach to understanding the important social problem of bullying. The dependent variable in the proposed research will consist of the rate of bullying evident in a variety of schools having different characteristics, expressed as a percentage. As such the dependent variable will be a ratio-type variable, having the ability to be expressed as a measurable number with fine distinctions possible as to quantity. The independent variables to be utilized for this study will be drawn from data provided in the Statistical Abstracts, including age-level of students (expressed as an ordinal variable measured as elementary, middle, of high school), enrollment of school (expressed as ordinal breakdowns determining the size of schools), and minority enrollment within schools (again expressed as an ordinal breakdown). It is expected that these different independent variables will each have an impact on the rate of bullying, as they determine the developmental age of students, as well as the size and supposed social stresses and intercommunity cohesion of the va rious school types. The proposed relationships of the variables will be as defined in the following section. It is expected that the older the student population, the more likely it will be that bullying will be prevalent, largely because the students will be more likely to be willing to

Discuss the view that globalisation has generated conditions (in poor Essay

Discuss the view that globalisation has generated conditions (in poor countries) that are conducive to instability, conflict and the emergence of extremist m - Essay Example Globalisation has become an all pervading, all monopolising phenomenon. â€Å"Globalisation can be defined as a set of economic, social, technological, political and cultural structures and processes arising from the changing character of the production, consumption and trade of goods and assets that comprise the base of the international political economy,† â€Å"Globalization is by no means a new phenomenon: idea systems such as Islam or Marxism have had transnational appeal for centuries, and commodities and personnel have long been mobile (for example, there was greater demographic mobility in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries than today),† Kinnwall (2002, p.21). If that is the case, instead of making people and nations comfortable, why has the larger version of globalisation been generating a backlash today, in almost all the societies, other than most of the West? Definitely large forces are up and against it in the most negative way possible. It has been disliked even for its positive qualities. There is no denying that a kind of highly materialistic society is emerging out of globalisation, at the cost of ethics, values, and civilisations, while other issues like poverty, environment, international issues, labour and mainly Human Rights are being either sidelined or ignored. Blind forces of globalisation have continuously threatened the freedom of people in far-flung regions. Globalisation has been blamed as the Western tool of imposing their culture and ways of living. It has also ushered in an alien Western Democracy that has become unpopular in a hurry. People are more concerned with their independence, freedom, religion, customs and most of all, national economies. One main idea that is a hindrance is that economic and political systems that are in conflict with the western systems should either be modified or should

Introduction to ICD Classification - Classification Systems (U2IP&DB) Essay

Introduction to ICD Classification - Classification Systems (U2IP&DB) - Essay Example e United States official system for assigning codes to procedures and diagnoses based on the World Health Organizations Ninth Revision, International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9)† (MediLexicon, 2008, pg. 1). Four main steps are involved in the process of selecting the proper ICD-9-CM codes. These must be followed in detail in order to ensure that the diagnosis is accurately described by the code. The steps described in the following paragraph are necessary in order to establish the proper ICD-9-CM code (Pelaia, 2003, pg. 7). The first step in assigning the proper ICD-9-CM code is to â€Å"review the medical record documentation in order to properly identify the terms that best describe the patient’s diagnosis† (Pelaia, 2003, pg. 8). The second step in assigning the proper code is to â€Å"look up the terms that best describe the patient’s diagnosis in Volume 2 (the alphabetic index) and identify the ICD-9 code that best matches the diagnosis† (Pelaia, 2003, pg. 9). The third step in assigning the proper ICD-9-CM code is to â€Å"look up the selected code in Volume 1 (the tabular list) to make the code selection. Careful attention should be paid to ‘includes’ and ‘excludes’ notes and other instructions in Volume 1† (Pelaia, 2003, pg. 10). Finally, all information should be carefully reviewed and verified. It is extremely important for a medical coder or for a medical professional responsible for ensuring that the correct diagnostic codes are being recorded for the procedures performed at a medical facility is using an up-to-date code book. Failing to use a current code book can result in a variety of mishaps that can easily be avoided. If a person loses his or her current code book, it should be replaced immediately. First of all, it is essential that medical personnel keep proper records in order to stay compliant with legal regulations. Using an old code book could result in the wrong diagnosis being recorded for a patient which could

Design an evaluation scheme for the Heart of Hackney regeneration Essay

Design an evaluation scheme for the Heart of Hackney regeneration project - Essay Example Hackney becomes a prime business location targeting a low carbon economy and innovative high value manufacturing (Hackney, 2010). It also believed that the developments in the housing stock, schools and public realm make Hackney an attractive location to live in, visit and work at. This paper will proceed to provide an evaluation scheme for the Heart of Hackney regeneration project. The Heart of Hackney regeneration project is a major undertaking not only for the borough but as a national initiative to address urban degradation. The 2012 Summer Olympics became a good excuse to prioritize East London as problems about urban sprawl become international in significance due to global warming and growing integration of cultures. In addressing the objectives and implicit theory of change by the Heart of hackney regeneration project, it is imperative to dig through its economic goals, the underlying factor for all growth aspirations. In the consultation draft (Hackney, 2010), the Hackney Council set the Economic Development Strategy. It acknowledged the opportunity that the borough has at the moment which it also needs to seize in order to fit as â€Å"an engine for London’s renewed economic growth,† (Hackney 2010, p 2). In general, the EDS objective is to help shape the local economic direction in order to provide long-term prosperity for the residents. The Council acknowledged that despite the recent employment growth in Hackney placing it just one percent below the London average did not spell the ideal as the borough still is considered the second most deprived in England due to long-term unemployment. Specifically, the program is currently focused on its Ways into Work program. A mentioned in the report, Hackney is providing interventions to out-of-school youths and unemployed individuals in the form of volunteerism, training, temporary employment, and other means to

How to Refinish Hardwood Floors Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How to Refinish Hardwood Floors - Research Paper Example Some floors become thin when they have been refinished a lot of times because after numerous refinishing, there is no layer left on it to be removed. So, before refinishing, consider whether your floor is in good condition to sand. 2. Arrange the Equipment. Get a belt sander if you can because it is easier to handle. Drum sander is not only heavier to carry but also it is apt to create grooves on the wood which are hard to remove. An edge sander must also be readily available so as to reach in nooks and corners of the room where a belt sander does not reach easily. Other equipment that you need is a putty knife, scraper, buffer, safety masks, eye protection, brush, and foam applicators. 3. Prepare the floor for sanding by removing all furniture, heat grates, carpets, and old nails. Mop the floor because it must be dust cleaned before sanding. Do not go for wood putty on soft floors because deep gouges and cracks in soft woods would need replacing whole planks. 5. Start sanding from the least noticeable area to get easy with the sander. Concentrate. Place the sander forward and sand along with the floor’s grain. Start sanding close to the walls, sanding both forwards and backwards. Initial sanding will only remove the layer of old finish. Use the edge sander to reach the areas the belt sander had not reached. A drum sander will have a 20-36 grit paper in it at this point. 6. Sand again, moving in backward, forward, left and right motion. It will remove the scratches that the first sanding left on the floor. This time, a drum sander should have an 80 grit paper. Select an appropriate direction depending upon the look and feel. The edge sander must also have an 80 grit paper in it. 8. Choose a finish. Polyurethane stain which is either water-based or oil-based, or Osmo Hard Wax Oil, is used normally. The finish can be glossy or matte. Satin finish is preferred because it is known to hide the blemishes

Design an evaluation scheme for the Heart of Hackney regeneration Essay

Design an evaluation scheme for the Heart of Hackney regeneration project - Essay Example Hackney becomes a prime business location targeting a low carbon economy and innovative high value manufacturing (Hackney, 2010). It also believed that the developments in the housing stock, schools and public realm make Hackney an attractive location to live in, visit and work at. This paper will proceed to provide an evaluation scheme for the Heart of Hackney regeneration project. The Heart of Hackney regeneration project is a major undertaking not only for the borough but as a national initiative to address urban degradation. The 2012 Summer Olympics became a good excuse to prioritize East London as problems about urban sprawl become international in significance due to global warming and growing integration of cultures. In addressing the objectives and implicit theory of change by the Heart of hackney regeneration project, it is imperative to dig through its economic goals, the underlying factor for all growth aspirations. In the consultation draft (Hackney, 2010), the Hackney Council set the Economic Development Strategy. It acknowledged the opportunity that the borough has at the moment which it also needs to seize in order to fit as â€Å"an engine for London’s renewed economic growth,† (Hackney 2010, p 2). In general, the EDS objective is to help shape the local economic direction in order to provide long-term prosperity for the residents. The Council acknowledged that despite the recent employment growth in Hackney placing it just one percent below the London average did not spell the ideal as the borough still is considered the second most deprived in England due to long-term unemployment. Specifically, the program is currently focused on its Ways into Work program. A mentioned in the report, Hackney is providing interventions to out-of-school youths and unemployed individuals in the form of volunteerism, training, temporary employment, and other means to

Analysis on state and local taxes on the poor Essay

Analysis on state and local taxes on the poor - Essay Example This is due to tax credits that reduce their tax liability. Stimulus measures that were enacted to offset effects of the 2998-2009 recession went further to reduce their tax burden. As of 2011, the lowest quintile would pay taxes equal to about 0.8 percent of their income. This is according to Creedy (2011). From the above explanation, the answer to whether the poor are taxed more than other groups can be draw. Creedy (2011) explains that they are not. This is simply because taxes are levied on a percentage. Low-income households will be taxed a smaller percentage of their income as compared to middle and high income households. Raising the minimum wage will have the effect of reducing poverty only in some geographical areas and not at the national level. This is because increased minimum wage will affect poverty based on the population density of an area. The higher the population density, the more the effect of the higher minimum wage. This is due to the fact that poverty is also a function of population density ad not individual households. This is explained by Cunningham

The wider events of he Crucible Essay Example for Free

The wider events of he Crucible Essay Furthermore, Johns power within the town (and his rebellious attitude) could be likened to that of extra salt in a pot, spicing up the broth; moreover, this line foreshadows Johns impact on the trials later on in the play: his confession to lechery, admittance that he saw the boots of Lucifer and accusation that the court is pulling Heaven down and raising up a whore These actions undermined the authority of the court and so greatly influence Salem; the theme of trial is also prevalent in The Crucible and the actions John Proctor takes in standing up to the court loosely reflect Arthur Millers denouncement of the House of Representatives Committee on Un-American Activities . In reference to the title of the play, John Proctor putting more salt into the stew is analogous to his actions stirring up the situation in Salem, which can be likened to that of a crucible- a melting pot used to remove impurities from precious metals. Additionally, Johns relationship with Elizabeth is symbolic of the towns puritan culture; it is very mundane and based upon stringent Christian morals. The act of John adding salt to a brand broth indicates his need for a more exciting and zestful relationship- which John finds in Abigail Williams. Elizabeth Proctor is the victim of the sins perpetrated by John and Abigail, and though she is a pious and devout Christian wife she is not wholly innocent and is partially to blame for the deterioration of her marriage. One of the themes throughout John and Elizabeths marriage is that Elizabeth is very cold towards John and that it is this sternness which drives John to Abigail; Miller uses the pragmatics of words to convey this feeling, with phrases such as You ought to bring some flowers into the house and It is winter in here yet Miller demonstrates that John feels that Elizabeth has been cold to him and wants to tell her this- yet cannot, because he doesnt want to anger her (I mean to please you, Elizabeth); he also uses this dialogue to indicate the general atmosphere of Salem as a whole, full of deceit and small talk to mask over the insecurities and sins beneath. John desperately craves forgiveness from Elizabeth and she must absolve him, (because divorce was unthinkable in a deeply religious town such as Salem) but she finds it hard to forgive him because he has committed Adultery, one of the ten commandments and therefore highly important to a devout Christian, and because he has further de nted her self-esteem I counted myself so plain, so poorly made, no honest love could come to me! by sleeping with another woman. John, however, is not the cause of Elizabeths low self-worth- the repressive nature of Salem is. In Salem, women arent allowed to express themselves, which leads to two extremes: one extreme is the kind of wild exhibitionism expressed by Abigail, Tituba (and various others) at the beginning of the play; or the other extreme of self-repression and not letting your true feelings be known, like Elizabeth. Without the ability to experience the things teenagers go through during pubity, Elizabeth is led to believe that no man finds her attractive and doesnt know how to trust them. Ergo, when John has an affair Elizabeth doesnt know how to forgive him and so Miller uses language to make their relationship seem like a trial, with phrases such as Oh, Elizabeth, your justice would freeze beer! (Use of imagery) The magistrate sits in your heart that judges you (Use of metaphor) and You will not judge me more, Elizabeth. In Act 2, when the accusations are just beginning, and have not affected the Proctors, John and Elizabeth feel no passion in their marriage and are struggling to make it work- but as the hysteria escalates, the adversity draws them closer together and rekindles their love. This rejuvenation is foreshadowed by talk of spring in Act 2, and also hints at Elizabeths pregnancy, well see green fields soon. Massachusetts is a beauty in the spring; the reason Miller includes these phrases in the dialogue between John and Elizabeth is to show that John wants a fresh start and is also literally looking forward to the spring time, as well as to provide clues for the audience as to what will happen later in the play. In Act 3, both John and Elizabeth show great courage and both do it to try and do what is best for each other- John confesses to lechery in a bid to discredit Abigails accusations and save his wifes life, even though doing do will ruin his good name and lead to a bad reputation in Salem; Elizabeth lies about Johns infidelity in an act of loyalty to her husband because she wants to protect his good name, even though she is a pious woman and by lying she is committing a grave sin, God damns all liars this shows Elizabeth values her husband more than her God. This scene is ironic because though both John and Elizabeth show great courage and loyalty, they damn themselves because John says that Elizabeth never lied and cannot lie, but she goes on to lie in an act of loyalty- even though telling the truth would have saved him from hanging. Reverend Hale sees that it is a natural lie to tell and that Elizabeth was just showing loyalty to her husband, but Danforth is too bigoted to see this, and is only interested in finding people guilty of witchcraft so he can exert his power. Miller clearly based Danforths character on Senator Joseph McCarthy to show that he sees McCarthy as a bigoted, power-hungry tyrant who is only interested in looking powerful and eliminating people who threaten his position. By Act 4, John and Elizabeth have become united through their ordeal and this is signified in their language, which is far more emotive, John says You are a marvel- Elizabeth, which shows that John is again madly in love with Elizabeth and wants to express how much he cares for her. The progression of their relationship is echoed by the development in the wider events of the story: Reverend Hale has denounced the court and is trying to save [Johns] life because damnations doubled n a minister who counsels men to lie; the people of Salem have started to rebel against the court you wander yet if rebellions spoke? Better you should marvel how they do not burn your province! and they have put a dagger in Parris door. It seems like Salem is being purified, much like gold in a crucible, and all the deceit and pretence is being washed away. Additionally, as the witch trials come to their conclusion, the trial within the Proctors marriage also comes to its resolution and this is the salvation John Proctor is searching for. Miller demonstrates this purification in Johns mind using stage directions, Elizabeth says I cannot judge you, John, there is a pause, and John says What would you have me do with the stage direction simply, a pure question; the word pure here indicates that John feels like he is close to redemption and this is confirmed when he says I would have your forgiveness, Elizabeth. Miller chose to make he dialogue which follows strikingly emotionally charged, because it is when John is finally given forgiveness, there are emotive stage directions such as he stands, as though with physical pain she is on the verge of tears and now pouring out her heart. There are many references back to the earlier themes in the play, of coldness and of trials; Elizabeth admits her faults suspicion kissed you when I did it were a cold house I kept!, gives John the forgiveness he craves, whilst referencing the idea of their relationship as a trial But let none be your judge I cannot judge you John, I cannot! I am not your judge, I cannot be (as though giving him release. ) and even asks for Johns forgiveness herself, forgive me, forgive me, John- I never knew such goodness in the world. The contrast in speech between act 2 and act 4 is staggering, whereas in act 2 John and Elizabeth exchanged pleasantries which cloaked their real feelings of uneasiness between each other, in act 4 they pour their hearts out and shower one another with compliments- it is a very beautiful passage made all the more precious by John Proctors impending death. Galvanised by his redemption and love for Elizabeth, John realises that the only way for him to truly forgive himself and appease the magistrate that resides within his own heart is to accept his hanging and make sure his name is not blighted by the cowardice of a false confession, How may I live without my name? I have given you my soul; leave me my name I do think I see some shred of goodness in John Proctor. Not enough to weave a banner with, but white enough to keep it from such dogs. The bravery John shows here is only possible because of the purification of his marriage and that his death would help cleanse the deceit and repression of Salem. The Proctors final act as man and wife is to share a kiss with great passion, exactly what was missing in their marriage after Johns affair with Abigail. Elizabeth speaks the final line of The Crucible and gives the audience closure on the literal witch trials of Salem, and her own personal trial within her marriage, and gives both herself and John the resolution they both desperately sought, He have his goodness now. God forbid I take it from him. In conclusion, The Crucible is an exceptionally nuanced play with myriad deep-rooted themes which can only be truly appreciated by absorbing every subtle word which Miller provides us with, and engaging with the pragmatics conveyed by either the actors reciting the play, or conjured by your own brain whilst reading. The Crucible works very well as an allegory for McCarthyism in America, beautifully juxtaposes the Seven Deadly Sins against the Ten Commandments and develops the story in parallel with the relationship of John and Elizabeth Proctor, whilst evoking a real sense of the social, historical and cultural climate of 17th Century Massachusetts. Above all, The Crucible is a fascinating and emotional play which was a pleasure to read and analyse. Kyle Sawhney Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section.

Non financial factors before decision to discontinue course

Non financial factors before decision to discontinue course As the course used to be popular, there must be certain amount of students have joined for this course. Thus, if Mawar College wants to discontinue this course, they must place their first priority to these students. As what they expected, students will have tons of questions and of course they will feel frustrated and angry. They could even come out with the petition with the hopes that the college could continue running this course before they graduate. Even if the college has decided to discontinue this course, they also have to consider on where they should place these students as they only halfway studying for this course. They have to understand that all these students will absolutely feel unhappy and discontent if the college place them in another course that is not as famous as the course they are studying now. This issue could possibly bother the students and could affect their emotions making them hardly to concentrate well on their studies. (Olejnik and Holschuh 2007) These grievance students will also raise this issue to their parents and again, their parents will call or even pay a visit to Mawar College to identify the reasons and details that halt the course from continuing. However, the college has to remember that not every of these parents are understanding and willing to listen the explanation by management. As being customers, most of them only concern on how much they have already paid and where their children will be placed to. Even some of these parents might argue and quarrel with the college management. When these parents concerns are not being addressed, they might carry out some conducts which could possibly spoil the reputation of the college. For example, these disgruntled parents will start spreading their dissatisfaction about the college because of its failure to meet and satisfy their suspense. (The Associated Press 2010) Recapping above, the image and reputation of Mawar College will be affected and people will start losing confident to the college. Other students might reluctantly register to any courses that run by this college as they worry the same incident might be happening again. Even their parents may discourage them from studying under this college and request them to further their studies in another more reliable college. This has clearly showed that their good impression to the established Mawar College has dashed out and people will hardly believe this college anymore. The Mawar College rankings among other colleges can come to a deep fall and they might face difficulties to gain back their credibility and again be competitive advantage among its competitors. (The Indian Express Limited 2010) Besides of affecting the reputation of the college, the reputation of the well-known University will also be affected. People around the world will start doubting whether the University is having any problems that lead to the discontinuing of the course. University will definitely feel displeasure and will not allow any accusation that will influence its goodwill. This would certainly be a hard job for the college to run any courses under this University in the future since they have break their promises. The University could possibly sue the college if the college breaches the contracts. Hence, the college has to bear the risk of facing legal suits from the University if they have decided to end the course. The college might lose huge amount of money for the purpose to compensate the University because of their doings and this would be a loss to Mawar College. (The Times of India 2010) As the college has already employed a large group of full-time lecturer for this course, thus every of this lecturer will be affected too if the college discontinue the course. They could be appointed in teaching another course and subjects or even discharged by the colleges that will definitely reduce their level of income. Their motivation and enthusiasm in teaching will also decrease due to their dissatisfaction to the college. This could also affect the rest of the college employees and their level of production will start decreasing once they have lost faith to Mawar College. (Race 1999) Other than above, there are still many factors that the college has to realize and take into account before making their decision. As the course used to be famous, I can assume that certain scholarships and loans have been given to some students to further up their studies on this course. Therefore, it would be a tough and complicated task that these students have to gone through for the cancellation of loans or transferring their scholarships if this course has to be stopped. Certain welfare organizations such as Genting Malaysia and Hong Leong Group that provide free scholarships to Mawar College on this course will also feel discontent because it will burden up their works when the students have more enquiries regards on their transferring or cancellation of scholarships. (Sunway University College nd) People that do not understand the reason of why they discontinue the course might also claim that the only intention for the college is to make profits and ignore the future of the students. Thus, all these will trouble the college and they hardly to survive in the market as people and other Universities have lost their reliability to this college. The college might face problems when they have to search and look for other Universities and running their courses because these Universities also dread the same case will be happening again and affects their reputations. Mawar College will also face difficulties in employing high qualification lecturers due to their spoilt image and have no choice but to employ new lecturers without much teaching experiences. As they are new, most of them still could not master the lectures and issues such as the failing of students in exam could possibly occur because they do not know the correct ways of teaching the students. When the students are unable to show their achievements, again the reputation of the college will be affected. (BNET nd) All these clearly show that there are different non financial factors that the college has to consider and it is pertinent to make a correct decision in order to prevent any unforeseen circumstances from happening that could lead them into a deep fall and hardly for them to bounce back in the education industry. Part C Investment appraisal methods are act as a tool for planning an investment and decide whether or not to accept the projects. (Gotze et al 2008) There are a few different investment appraisal methods can be used, including discounted cash flow (DCF), payback, (Smith 2007) and Accounting Rate of Return (ARR) whereby DCF includes the methods of Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). The NPV under DCF has been recognized as the sound of all the investment appraisal methods due to its consideration on the time value of money. This time value of money refers to the amount of money that the business need to be compensated for forgoing the use of the money for a period of time if it has to be invested in a project. (Evans et al 2003) NPV is a method of including all the cash inflows and outflows that will be earned and used in a project at a chosen acceptable rate of return and taking the net total. (Evans et al 2003) Even though there are many advantages in using NPV, but payback method and ARR are still widely used and adopted by many businesses due to the limitations brought by NPV and benefits of payback and ARR methods. (Fabozzi and Peterson 2003) The weaknesses that business normally face when using this NPV approach is they hardly to make accurate long-term forecast of cash flows they can receive in the future. No company can predict the future cash flows as factors such as future sales, costs of labor, interest rate, and government policies can affect the estimated cash flows. Overestimation or underestimation can sometimes bring uncountable loss to the business. (Siddiqui and Siddiqui 2005) Further, in reality it is difficult for business to determine the discount rate, which is cost of finance or cost of capital. It is not an easy job to calculate various costs of finance such as share capital and loans. (Coombs et al 2005) They also have to take the bank interest rate, risk and future inflation into account when deciding the cost of capital because the money value of RM1 in the future will be lesser than its today value. (Bowhill 2008) Moreover, NPV method will assume that the discount rate will remain the same throughout the project running periods. But in fact, these discount rates are easily swayed from year to year. Business has to prognosis the future discount rate which sometimes might be a big differences compared to their forecast with the real situation. (Groppelli and Nikbakht 2006) Besides that, NPV also not suitable to be used in the situation when comparing projects with different lives times. (Siddiqui and Siddiqui 2005) They also have a weakness whereby they never take the size or capital invested into account but only look at the higher yield of NPV. (Moyer et al 2009) This can be shown by the example where a project with size RM1 million that yield NPV RM1500 will be recommended compare to other project with capital RM 1000 with a NPV of RM800. (Coombs 2005) Calculation of NPV which is expressed in money form is not favorable by most of the companies compared to percentage form. (Fabozzi and Peterson 2003) Payback method also has been called as payout method (Belkaoui 2001) and it refers to the number of years a project or investment will take to pay back the initial cash outlay. This is only done when the cumulative cash inflows equally same with the cash outflows. (Bowhill 2008) Payback method is still widely used because it offers information regard to the risk of the investment. Risk analysis can be made depends on the payback period of the investment. (Moyer et al 2009) Risks will be dwindled by using this payback method because it focuses on earlier cash flows and not the later cash flows which are hardly to predict especially in this fast pace world. (Walker 2009) The business will face less risk with the shorter payback period and vice versa. (Moyer et al 2009) Furthermore, payback method will clearly show the liquidity of the investment because it measure the net cash earned by the investment in shorter term. (Bowhill 2008) For company that always concern the liquidity of their businesses will definitely adopt this helpful method so they could know whether their businesses are in strong or weak liquidity to perform or carry out any plans or activities. (Moyer et al 2009) This simple to use and easy to understand method (Walker 2009) can be applied especially to small projects where only a simple decision is needed without consider other cash flow implications. (Bowhill 2008) There is no complicated calculation needed and thus many companies find it is the best way to check whether the money invested can be generated back in reasonable period of time. (Groppelli and Nikbakht 2006) Last but not least, ARR is the average annual profits divided by the initial investment and it also known as Return on Investment (ROI) that used for performance appraisal. (Walker 2009) The investment will only be accepted and applied if the ARR was the same or higher than the target rate set by the company. (Bowhill 2008) This percentage form of ARR is easy to compute and understand especially to business people because it sounds familiar as return on capital employed that mostly applied by companies. (Coombs 2005) ARR is always been used due to its consideration on all the returns and whole life of the investment into account. ARR is the only one that is based on the accounting profits and focus on accounting income rather than cash flows. (Belkaoui 2001) The amount and value calculated by ARR also relevant and used for financial statement presentation such as balance sheet. (Shim and Siegel 2004)

A Review of The Old Man and The Sea: Hemingway’s Tragic Vision of Man

The Old Man and the Sea is one of the most famous novel written by Ernest Hemingway. In this novel, Hemingway shows the world the story about the great Santiago, an old Cuban fisherman who fights for his honor and pride. In the critical essay, â€Å"Hemingway’s Tragic Vision of Man,† Clinton S. Burhans, Jr writes that he and other authors have interpreted this novel, and he takes into account the following points: heroic individualism, interdependence, and Christian themes. I agree with Burhans’ essay. In the novel, Hemingway addresses the character of Santiago so properly that he inspires these points without doubt. â€Å"He was an old man who fished alone in a skiff in the Gulf Stream and he had gone eighty-four days now without taking a fish† (Hemingway 1): This is how the story begins. The old man had spent almost three months without catching anything, so the next day he made up his mind and proposed to himself that he would take a big fish. That day he went far in the ocean. In the beginning, he feels that he has to redeem his bad luck by catching a big fish. He wants to demostra...

The Namesake Quotes

â€Å"On a sticky August evening two weeks before her due date, Ashima Ganguli stands in the of a Central Square apartment, combining Rice Krispies and Planters peanuts and chopped red onion in a bowl. She adds salt, lemon juice, thin slices of green chili pepper, whishing there were mustard oil to add to the mix. † p. 1 ? â€Å"Like a kiss or a caress in a Hindi movie, a husband’s name is something intimate and therefore unspoken, cleverly patched over. † p. 2 ? â€Å"Do yourself a favor. Before it’s too late, without thinking too much about it first, pack a pillow and a blanket and see as much of the world as you can. You will not regret it.One day it will be too late. † p. 16 ? â€Å"He was still clutching a page of â€Å"The Overcoat,† crumpled tightly in his fist, and when he raised his hand the wad of papers dropped from his fingers. † p. 18 ? â€Å"Ashima means â€Å"she who is limitless, without borders. † Ashoke, the n ame of   an emperor, means â€Å"he who transcends grief. † p. 26 ? â€Å"On more than one occasion he has come home from the university to find her morose, in bed, rereading her parents’ letters. Early mornings, when he senses that she is quietly crying, he puts an arm around her, but can think of   nothing to say, feeling that it is his fault, for marrying her, for bringing her here. p. 33 ? â€Å"For thirty-three years, she missed her life in India. Now she will miss her job at the library, the women with whom she’s worked. She will miss throwing parties†¦ She will miss the country in which she had grown to know and love her husband. Though his ashes have been scattered in the Ganges, it is here, in this house and in this town, that he will continue to dwell in her mind. † p. 279 ? â€Å"When Ashima and Ashoke see their son’s pet named typed on the label of a prescription for antibiotics, when they see it at the top of his immunizatio n record, it doesn’t look right; pet names aren’t meant to be made public in this way. p. 36 ? â€Å"The wives, homesick and bewildered, turn to Ashima for recipes and advice, and she tells them about the carp that's sold in Chinatown, that it's possible to make halwa from Cream of Wheat†¦ They drink tea with sugar and evaporated milk and eat shrimp cutlets fried in saucepans. † p. 38 ? â€Å"Only then, forced at six months to confront his destiny, does he begin to cry. † p. 40 ? â€Å"Mrs. Jones leads a life that Ashoke’s mother would consider humiliating: eating alone, driving herself to work in snow and sleet, seeing her children and grandchildren, at most, three or four times a year. † p. 48 ? For being a foreigner, Ashima is beginning to realize, is a sort of a lifelong pregnancy—a perpetual wait, a constant burden, a continuous feeling out of   sorts. † p. 49 ? â€Å"Each day Ashoke is pained by the half-eaten sand wiches people toss in the garbage cans on campus, apples abandoned after one or two bites. â€Å"Finish it, Gogol. At your age, I ate tin. † p. 55 ? â€Å"The name, Nikhil, is artfully connected to the old one. Not only is it a perfectly respectable Bengali good name, meaning â€Å"he who is entire, encompassing all,† but it also bears a satisfying resemblance to Nikolai, the first name of the Russian Gogol. p. 56 ? â€Å"He is afraid to be Nikhil, someone he does not know. Who doesn’t know him. † p. 57 ? â€Å"For their daughter, good name and pet name are one and the same: Sonali, meaning â€Å"she who is golden. † p. 62 ? â€Å"It doesn’t bother him that his name is never an option on key chains or metal pins or refrigerator magnets†¦ Though substitute teachers at school always pause, looking apologetic when they arrive at his name on the roster, forcing Gogol to call out, before even being summoned, â€Å"That’s me,† teachers in the school system know not to give it a second thought. p. 66-67 ? â€Å"Gogol is old enough to know that there is no Ganguli here. He is old enough to know that he himself will be burned, not buried, that his body will occupy no plot of earth, that no stone in this country will bear his name beyond life. † p. 69 ? â€Å"For by now, he’s come to hate questions pertaining to his name, hates having constantly to explain. He hates having to tell people that it doesn’t mean anything in â€Å"in Indian. † p. 76 ? â€Å"His parents expect him to be, if not an engineer, then a doctor, a lawyer, an economist at the very least. p. 105 ? â€Å"Her appreciation for these details flatters him; it occurs to him that he has never spoken of his experiences in India to any American friend. † p. 112 ? â€Å"†¦That they had an arranged marriage, that his mother cooks Indian food everyday, that she wears saris and a bindi. † p. 138 ? †Å"He cannot imagine his parent’s sitting at Lydia and Gerald’s table, enjoying Lydia’s cooking, appreciating Gerald’s wine selection. He cannot imagine them contributing to one of their dinner party conversations.And yet here he is, night after night, a welcome addition to the Ratliff’s universe, doing just that. † p. 141 ? â€Å"—That they will not be able to touch or kiss each other in front of his parents, that there will be no wine with lunch. † p. 145 ? â€Å".. the lunch is set out, too rich for the weather. Along with the samosas, there are breaded chicken cutlets, chickpeas with tamarind sauce, lamb biryani, chutney made with tomatoes from the garden. It is a meal he knows it has taken his mother over a day to prepare, and yet the amount of effort embarrasses him. p. 148 ? â€Å"He is overly aware that they are not used to passing things around the table, or to chewing food with their mouths completely closed. They ave rt their eyes when Maxine accidentally leans over to run her hand through her hair. † p. 149 ? â€Å"One hand, five homes. A lifetime in a fist. † p. 167 ? â€Å"Remember that you and I made this journey, that we went together to a place where there was nowhere left to go. † p. 187 ? â€Å"When she was only five years old, she was asked by her relatives if she planned to get married in a red sari or a white gown. p. 213 ? â€Å"Aren’t you going to arrange a wedding for her? † p. 213 ? â€Å"He thinks of his parents, strangers until this moment, two people who had not spoken until after they were actually wed. Suddenly sitting next to Moushumi, he realizes what it means, and he is astonished by his parents’ courage, the obedience that must have been involved in doing such a thing. † p. 222 ? â€Å"†¦Waking up every morning with a pillow pressed over her head. † p. 229 ? â€Å"He admires her, even resents her a little, for having moved to another country and made a separate life.He realizes that this is what their parents had done in America. What he, in all likelihood, will never do. † p. 233 ? â€Å"It’s the one thing about her parents’ lives she truly admires—their ability, for better or for worse, to turn their backs on their homes. † p. 254 ? â€Å"Gogol has nothing to say to these people. He doesn’t care about their dissertation topics, or their dietary restrictions, or the color of their walls. † p. 237 ? â€Å"There’s no such thing as a perfect name. I think human beings should be allowed to name themselves when they turn eighteen,† he adds. â€Å"Until then, pronouns. † p. 245 ? This assurance is important to her; along with the Sanskrit vows she’d repeated at her wedding, she’d privately vowed that she’d never grow fully dependent on her husband, as her mother has. For even after thirty-two years abroad , in England and now in America, her mother does not know how to drive, does not have a job, does not know the difference between a checking and a savings account. † p. 247 ? â€Å"The mindlessness soothers her nerves. As a child, she always had a knack for organization; she would take it upon herself to neaten closets and drawers, not only her own, but her parents’ as well. p. 256 ? â€Å"You’re going to break hearts, you know. † p. 259 ? â€Å"She wonders if she is the only woman in her family ever to have betrayed her husband, to have been unfaithful. This is what upsets her most to admit: that the affair causes her to feel strangely at peace, the complication of it calming her, structuring her day. † p. 266 ? â€Å"Suddenly terrified, he ducks his head, feeling foolish afterword. None of the other pedestrians had reacted. † p. 272 ? â€Å"True to the meaning of her name, she will be without borders, without a home of her own, a resident everywhere and nowhere. † p. 276

Customers and Customer Value Essay

†¢Marketing involves: 1.Managing profitable customer relationships 2.Awareness – attracting/retaining customers 3.Increasing a customer’s willingness to pay †¢Breadth and Depth of Marketing Market: people with desire and ability to buy a specific product All organizations market and people market themselves †¢Dating, PEY oIdeas and values are marketed Buyers may be different than end customer (B2B, B2C) Social Marketing: influence behavior of individuals, benefit to individuals or society not marketer †¢Anti-smoking †¢Consumer Behaviour (B2C/B2B) Heart of marketing satisfying needs and wants of consumers better than competition oValue is only what is perceived by consumer Customer’s see solutions for delivering customer value, not in terms of attributes †¢Fundamental Principles of Marketing oWhat are drivers of customer value? Their benefits/costs †¢Consumers Who are the competitors that satisfy the similar needs †¢The competitors Offer a product/service whose attributes deliver the value as good as or better than the competitors †¢The Company †¢Methods of Discovering customer behavior Needs: Psychological deprivation (food, shelter) Wants: Needs shaped by culture and the individual (burger vs. Tofu) oQualitative research Quantitative Research Feedback Competitive intelligence Socio-economic trends Consumer purchase decision process †¢Buyers may skip a stage depending on how involved they are in the purchase: oHigh involvement if product is: †¢Expensive †¢Serious personal consequences †¢Reflects social image High involvement results in consideration of †¢More brands †¢More product attributes †¢More information sources †¢More time spent searching High involvement †¢Provide education about category and info on product Low involvement †¢Buyers react to price, convenience and familiarity †¢The Marketing Process Identify Consumer Needs & Wants †¢Needs: Psychological deprivation (food, shelter, etc.) †¢Wants: Needs shaped by culture and the individual (burgers vs. tofu) oSegment, Target and Position (STP) †¢Segmentation and Targeting – Who to Serve †¢Choose which customers to serve †¢Positioning – How to Serve †¢Identify key benefits of offering, points of difference with rivals oDevelop and Execute a Marketing program based on the Marketing Mix (4 Ps) †¢Product †¢Features, brand name, packaging, service, warranty †¢Place †¢Outlets, channels, coverage, transportation †¢Price †¢List price, rebates, discounts, payment period †¢Promotion †¢Advertising, sales promotion, merchandising, personal selling, publicity †¢How to Position yourself with customers †¢Market leader Encourage habitual purchase, keep quality high, reinforcing ads, avoid stock outs †¢Challengers Encourage variety seeking Encourage trial (coupons), try something new ads Build Profitable Customer Relationships †¢Basic Relationships (low-margin customers) vs. Full Relationships (key / dominant customers) †¢Frequency marketing programs †¢Rewards, encourage customers to spend more †¢Club marketing programs †¢Offer members discounts for being member †¢Customer Satisfaction †¢Satisfied customers are loyal (migrate rate of 5%) †¢Refer company to others (tell average of 3 others) †¢Less price sensitive †¢Customer Dissatisfaction †¢Migrate at 40% †¢Don’t complain (96% never report back) †¢Tell average of 11 people about problems oManage Product Portfolio †¢Should you keep all your products? †¢Should market them all the same way? †¢Can you increase the products in your portfolio? †¢BCG Growth Share Matrix †¢Market Growth Rate (y-axis) vs. Relative Market Share (x-axis) †¢High – High: Stars †¢Low – High: Cash Cows †¢High – Low: Question Marks †¢Low – Low: Dogs MarketsProducts CurrentNew CurrentMarket Penetration -Selling more products in existing marketsProduct Development -Selling new products in existing markets NewMarket Development -Selling existing products in new markets (geographic or new segments)Diversification -Selling a new product in new markets How your product portfolio could be expanded Tim Horton’s: MarketsProducts CurrentNew CurrentMarket Penetration -High density in geographic area -Heavy advertising -High demand to be franchisors -Regularly upgrades facilitiesProduct Development -Bagels and cappuccino -Sandwiches, wraps, soups NewMarket Development -Expansion to campuses -TimShop (online) -Expansion into U.S.Diversification -Partnered with U.S.-based Cold Stone Creamery Lecture 7 †¢5 steps of STP oGroup potential buyers into segments †¢Geographic, demographic, psychographic, behavioral †¢How do organizational buyers differ †¢Demand for your product is derived from demand of buyers product †¢Fate tied to buyers fate †¢Common to have Few dominant customers and long term relationships Provide competitive bids Have multiple people involved in the purchase †¢To increase likelihood of B2B success †¢Understand the purchasing organization’s needs †¢Understand the organization buying process oRight bidding list, who is influential and who to pay attention to oGroup products to be sold into categories †¢Multiple products with some common trait (often consumer type) †¢Useful where multi consumer type, each with own needs, but not one product to meet all needs †¢Business vs commercial aircraft Develop Market/product grid and estimate size of market Select Target Markets †¢Expected Financial Performance †¢Size and growth, purchasing power, profits †¢Competitive Position †¢Competitive in segment now and over time †¢Accessibility †¢Segment can be reached and served at reasonable price †¢Fit with the Organization †¢You can deliver an effective marketing program oTake marketing actions to reach target market †¢4 P’s †¢Product positioning Head-to-head or Differentiation †¢Challenges in repositioning To change how consumers view an offering relative to competition oHuge advertising costs to change beliefs of people Consumers may be confused about what your brand stands for oConsumers may not buy your claim Why reposition †¢Reacting to competition †¢New Balance vs. Nike †¢Reaching new market †¢Chocolate milk for adults †¢Catching a rising trend †¢Health trends †¢Changing the value added †¢Trade down or up Lecture 8 †¢First P in 4 Ps (â€Å"Product†) †¢Hard to do well o90% of new products fail in first year oCommon among successes †¢Uniquely, superior point of difference †¢Has to work well, has to be valued in the market Lecture 9 Pricing and Channels †¢2 Ps: Price and Place †¢Price The money exchanged for ownership of goods/services Prices involves perception of value and will vary †¢Cheaper price for equivalent quality has higher value †¢Higher price can signal quality (watches, cars) †¢There is a tradition of getting stuff for free or very cheap over internet that is hard to change (vs. by phone or TV) †¢Pricing matters a lot Affects customers’ view Discussion starts with pricing, †¢Goes more generally to marketing than strategy †¢Why change your price? Demand, cost, competition †¢How will people react People place premium on option, if feel getting less, will be dissatisfied and feel violated †¢Market mix over product life cycle for price (in order of 4 stages) oSkimming penetration, gain market share, defend market, stay profitable †¢Factors affecting pricing decisions oInternal Factors †¢Marketing objectives †¢Marketing mix strategies †¢Costs †¢Organizational considerations External Factors †¢Demand †¢Competition, resellers †¢Economy †¢Government †¢Steps in setting prices Identify pricing constraints and objectives †¢Constraints †¢Demand, stage in product life cycle, single vs product line, cost of producing, marketing, changing prices, Competitive market and competitors †¢Objectives †¢Profit or just survival †¢Sales and or market share (revenue, unit volume) †¢Social responsibility Estimate demand and revenue †¢All else being equal, as price falls, demand increase †¢Except for †¢Luxury goods †¢Demands also affected by oPrice and availability Income levels Changing buyer tastes and preferences †¢Marketing Managers want to know â€Å"price elasticity† of demand †¢% change in quantity demanded relative to % change in price oSlope of demand curve Elastic demand †¢Slight decrease in price, steep increase in demand †¢Substitutes usually (no alternatives usually non elastic) oEstimate Cost, volume, profit relationships †¢Total cost = total fixed cost + total variable costs †¢Break-even analysis (sales equal costs): †¢Determines profitability at different levels of sales †¢BEP = Total fixed cost / (unit price – unit variable cost) oSelect an approximate price level †¢Pricing based on demand †¢skimming pricing – high price when hungry initial buyers are not price sensitive †¢penetration pricing – low price to attract buyers (wii) †¢prestige pricing – signal quality with the price †¢price lining – set of prices through a product line (ex. bauer 70, 80, 90, apx) †¢odd-even pricing – prices ending in .99 seem lower †¢target pricing – when a specific price to buyer is a goal †¢bundle pricing – price for a package of multiple products †¢yield management pricing – match demand and supply dynamically to customize prices †¢Pricing based on cost †¢standard mark-up – add a fixed percentage to the cost of all similar items †¢cost-plus pricing – add a mark-up to the cost (consulting) †¢experience curve pricing – lower the price as your own costs come down the learning curve †¢Pricing based on profit (little role for demand and competition) †¢target profit pricing †¢target return-on-sales pricing †¢target return-on-investment pricing †¢Pricing based on the competition †¢Customary pricing (ie. Swatch, chocolate bars) (all the same) †¢price above, at or below similar products †¢Loss leader pricing – sell something at a discount to get people into your store oSet up the list (quoted) price †¢One price for all flexible pricing †¢Must be consistent with all products in product line †¢Must be legal †¢Must be consistent with client perceptions of product †¢Needs to avoid price-cutting by competitors †¢Price cut only when you can win (rare) †¢Have cost or tech advantage over rivals oMake adjustments to the price †¢Discounts †¢Quantity, BOGO †¢Seasonal †¢Functional/Trade †¢Cash †¢Allowances †¢Trade in allowance for buyers †¢Promotional allowance †¢EDLP (no need to wait for sales) †¢Geographical Adjustments †¢Transportation/shipping costs and whether buy or seller pays †¢Market mix over product life cycle (Place/channels) Limited, build, selective, more intensive distribution, fewer selective †¢Channel Individuals or firms that help get the product/service to the end user †¢B2C directly, or use intermediary, such as future shop (less contacts) oRetailers are channels (but so are distributors and resellers) †¢Benefits of direct channels (producer to seller) Greater control Lower variable cost Direct contact Quicker response to changes No need to look for middleman Internet makes direct distribution easy †¢Benefits of indirect channels Fewer contacts to manage Can match product assortment with customers Less need for producer to have a sales presence Allows multiple channels for same product †¢Apple through site, apple store, BestBuy Leverage a channel partner with existing customer relations oLower fixed cost (no sales team) †¢Conflicts between channel partners Vertical conflict †¢Issues in chain (producer to retailer) Horizontal Conflict †¢Issues at same level (retailer to retailer) †¢Challenges of moving from indirect to direct May lose distribution (disintermediation) Buyer loyalty to retailer not product Extra costs involved (e-tail, shipping, sales, customer services) †¢Factors in choosing a channel Business environment Characteristics of your customers †¢Who, what, where Characteristics of your product (complex or evangelize) †¢Ice-cream vs. jets Characteristics of your company (B2B, global, languages) What channels and intermediaries are most profitable Lecture 10 †¢4th P, Promotions †¢The communication process oSee chart in lecture notes by Chris †¢The promotional mix What communication tools are available †¢Advertising †¢Vary Expensive (variable_, provides reasons to buy products †¢Control over channel of message †¢Large numbers see message †¢Hard to determine response †¢Personal selling †¢Face-to-face †¢Very expensive (fixed cost) †¢Control over message (sales people can differ( †¢Targeted receivers †¢Immediate responses †¢Public relations †¢Unpaid, non-personal communication, from third party †¢Little control over message †¢Highly credible, not seen as self-serving †¢Hard to know responses †¢Sales promotion †¢Samples, coupons, rebates †¢76% of marketing expenditures for packaged goods †¢Short run (decline in advertising efficiency) †¢Control over message (not building loyalty) †¢Immediate Response †¢Direct marketing †¢Over phone, or internet †¢Mass or micro, becomes annoying (telemarketers) †¢Control over message †¢Targeted received †¢Immediate responses †¢Developing the promotional mix In product life cycle: to inform, to persuade, to remind Product characteristics †¢Level of complexity †¢More complex, more personal selling †¢Potential Risk (financial, social, physical) †¢Greater risk, more personal selling †¢Ancillary services (service/ support required post sale) †¢Advertising establishes reputation †¢Direct marketing can describe customization †¢Personal selling builds buyer confidence and provides evidence of customer service oKnow your target market †¢Who is buyer and what is buying behaviour †¢Place of purchase, reason, how big is market (mass or custom, first time or repeat oDecision stage of buyer †¢See chart in Chris’ lecture notes oChannel strategy †¢Push (want channel to sell it, target channel not end consumer) †¢Push product through channel with goal of getting channel members to push it to customers †¢Direct promotional mix to channel members to gain cooperation †¢Personal selling and sales promotions play major roles †¢Pull (channel users want to get it from you, targeted at end consumer more) †¢Product is pulled through channels †¢Direct promotional mix at ultimate consumers to encourage them to demand product †¢Mainly advertising and direct marketing to reach end consumers †¢Developing, executing and evaluating the integrated marketing communications program oCoordinates all promotional activities to provide a consistent message across all touch points oKnow target audience and how to market to them oIMC Program 3 stages †¢Planning Stage †¢Awareness, interest, evaluation, trial †¢Set budget based off o% of sales Competitive parity All you can afford †¢Design promotion, schedule it †¢Implementation †¢Execute the promotion plan †¢Carry out promotion †¢Control †¢Post-test the promotion †¢Make needed changes Evaluating IMC †¢Important to measure ROI †¢How many views, traffic to site, coupon redemption rate †¢Can occur during both implementation and control Lecture 11 †¢Three options/Modes for exploiting your new product or technology oLicensing †¢When to consider †¢When you don’t have the resources to bring it to market and don’t want to develop them †¢When you want to get the technology to market fast (win standards race) †¢When you want to stop other firms from R&D and patenting †¢Risks †¢Beneficial only while you have technological advantage Create a standard Stay at leading edge †¢Requires strong IP protection †¢Dependent on others for market success †¢May lock you into something when market is still emerging oPartnering (selling a component) †¢When to consider †¢When you don’t have the resources to bring it to market †¢When you want to get the technology to market fast †¢When credible partners can be identified and their endorsement sends a signal †¢When you are strategically important to partner †¢Risks †¢Larger, more established firms can take advantage (price/terms) †¢Partner can deskill you †¢Dependent on partner Market success and access to info and management †¢Partner can become disinterested oDIY (Do it yourself) †¢When to consider †¢Can bring it to market yourself or want to develop capabilities †¢When you have resources to do it †¢Understand requirements and behaviour of end consumer †¢Want to brand it with your name †¢You have clout with your ecosystem of players †¢Risks †¢Bleeding edge- rivals learn from your mistakes †¢Effort spent on marketing and distribution makes you lag in R&D †¢Lose nimbleness and speed †¢Understand market (buyers, competition and overall market (size and growth) †¢Want to devise an entry strategy to leverage advantages oEmphasize speed for lead time †¢Product, technology, people, partners, locations †¢Set up intangible entry barriers rather than relying only on proprietary advantage like patents oEmphasize selective focus †¢Clearly defined target market †¢Clearly defined partners, channels, suppliers Plus allow for experimentation †¢Adaptable and liquid resources & capabilities (rent, borrow or share) Decision depends on †¢Where you see future of company †¢Stability of industry †¢Value to other players †¢Potential for IP protection †¢Becoming a platform leader Industry platform is foundation technology or service that is essential for a broader, interdependent ecosystem of business †¢Requires innovations to be useful †¢No longer under full control of originator, may contain propriety elements oNeed to decide if you are going to purse a product or platform strategy oAchieving platform status requires specific decisions that govern †¢Technology evolution †¢Product and systems design †¢Business relationships within ecosystem oMany companies don’t succeed as they fail to tackle both: †¢Technology †¢Designing right interfaces, architecture, disclosing IP †¢Business †¢Making key complements, introducing incentives, defeat competing platforms oPlatform potential †¢Must satisfy two prerequisite conditions †¢Perform at least one essential function within system of use or solve an essential tech problem in an industry †¢Should be easy to connect to or build upon to expand system of use as well as allow new or even unintended end users Google is coring in internet search. Linus in web server operating systems for tipping. †¢Intellectual Property Protection Legal right granted by a government that allows inventor to preclude others from using the same invention for a maximum of 20 years oNeed to demonstrate that invention is †¢Novel †¢Not Obvious †¢Useful †¢Secret when the patent application is filed Benefits †¢Blocks others from using invention †¢Raises the cost of imitation by rivals †¢Helps to raise capital by signaling a competitive advantage †¢Helps in negotiating rights oLimitations †¢Requires disclosure of the invention in all countries †¢Monopoly is temporary †¢Rivals can often work around †¢Long, complex, costly to defend †¢Can be irrelevant if technology moves quickly Lecture 12: Business Start Up †¢Entrepreneurship Approaches †¢Causal Logic (start with goals expect return) †¢Evaluate opportunities on measurable market demand & competition †¢Select option with highest expected return †¢Specify resources needed to get the outcome you want †¢Most often used in developed, familiar products/markets †¢Means-Based (start with means avoid loss) †¢Evaluate alternatives based on given set of means + low cost experiments †¢Select option based on affordable loss rather than expected return †¢Obtain pre-commitments with customers, suppliers †¢Most often used in uncertain products / markets †¢Dealing with Uncertainty †¢Entrepreneurs pick a comfortable level of risk and push to increase return oBankers pick a desired level of return and push to reduce risk

Homeostasis and how the body responds to exercise Essay

This report will interpret the results of the practical activities that was done in order to monitor the changes in heart rate, temperature and blood pressure before and after exercise. Blood pressure is the measure of how much pressure is put on the walls of the blood vessels when the blood is pumped through them. This is measured in two parts, the larger number on top is known as the systolic pressure, this measures the pressure as the blood is pumped away from the heart whereas the lower number (The diastolic pressure) measures the pressure as the blood returns to the heart. The normal range for a healthy blood pressure is around 120/80 at rest. When I was at rest I recorded my blood pressure which was 118/57. This blood pressure can be considered normal for my age range and fitness level. However it is possible that the reading may not have been completely accurate due to having eaten recently before, the machine may not have worked properly or because of emotional state at the t ime. The pulse is the measure of how many times the heart beats in one minute. This can be measured in either the artery in the neck (Called the carotid artery) or in the wrist. Though the beat is stronger in the neck it is sometimes more difficult to locate and so most people tend to measure it from the wrist. For a healthy person of my age a pulse rate between 60 and 100 is considered to be normal. When I was at rest my heart rate was 82 bpm (Beats per minute). This could be inaccurate due to being nervous though I took my pulse reading both manually and on a machine and it came back the same both times, which may increase the reliability of the results. I recorded my temperature by placing a thermometer in my mouth, this is because under the tongue is one of the more accurate places to get a reading on the body temperature. The normal body temperature of a person is around 37  °C. At rest my temperature was 36.3  °C. This is a normal temperature. When I did the activities I recorded my heart rate, blood pressure and temperature after 1 minute, 3 minutes and then after 5 minutes of exercise. After one minute my heart rate had increased to 94 Bpm, my temperature was 36.8  °C and my blood pressure was 120/68. This is an increase in when I was at rest due to the body’s need for a higher amount of oxygen to go through the blood to the muscles that needed it; this caused an increase in heart and breathing rate so that there was an increase in the amount of oxygen supply to the  body. There was an increase in temperature because there is an increase in physical activity, which creates an increase in the heat that is given off by the muscles, increasing the overall temperature of the body. I then did the activity again for three minutes before I recorded my heart rate, blood pressure and temperature again. After three minutes there was a further increase in all three results. My heart rate was 112 Bpm, my temperature increased to 37.5 °C and my blood pressure was 120/78. I then repeated the exercise for a further 5 minutes, however there was an interval of where I had to wait to be able to record what the results were. Due to this my heart rate was 102 Bpm, my temperature was 37.3 °C and my blood pressure was 120/75. When an individual exercises there are internal changes that the body must respond to in order to keep the body functioning as it should. As you exercise your pulse and respiration rate increases to compensate for the higher demand of oxygen in the muscles. While your heart and respiration rate increases the muscles also produce heat as a waste product which heats up the body, in order to control the body temperature, the body produces sweat, when an individual sweats the body is trying to cool itself down. This is known as a negative feedback loop, in a negative feedback, the body responds to change by trying to bring it back to the normal range. In a negative feedback there is a stimulus, a sensor, a regulator (Or control) and a effector. In the case of an increase in temperature the stimuli, which would be the skin, sends a signal to the sensor, this is the nerves. Once this happens a signal is then sent to the regulator (Or control), this is the hypothalamus, When this happens another signal is then sent to the effector, which is the sweat glands which respond to the rise in temperature by producing sweat. In conclusion I found that the longer that I exercised the more my readings increased, however these may not be acute due to the equipment was not readily available and so I had to wait to record the readings allowing the results to decrease. Another way this may not be true is because my reading that was taken after 5 minutes was lower than both of the other results, this could be because I had to wait a longer period of time to take the results.